K.OA.4 Teacher Guide | ilteachandtalk

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TEACHER GUIDE TO CLARIFICATION

K.OA.4 IMPORTANCE OF 10 COHERENCE AND CONNECTIONS

CLASSROOM RESOURCE HOT QUESTIONS ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

K.OA.4

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from

K.OA.4 For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.

Importance of 10

Students naturally develop benchmark numbers of five and ten, fingers on one hand and fingers on two hands. It is helpful to continue this concept by reiterating number sense based on 5’s and 10’s. This can be done with ten-frames and rekenreks.

For some great ideas:

http://www.pinterest.com/jennykaysmith/math-five-frames-ten-frames/

http://www.k-5mathteachingresources.com/ten-frames.html

http://www.pinterest.com/drnicki7/rekenrek/

Free printable templates (ten frames):

http://lrt.ednet.ns.ca/PD/BLM/table_of_contents.htm

The following is a Rak Attack program showing 10 and 20 frames.

“Development of the numbers 1 through 5 is principally done through sight recognition of patterns, coupled with immediate association with the oral name and written symbol. It is important to provide different configurations of dots, blocks, and other objects, as well as different forms of the numerals to broaden their experiences. (Example: 4 and 4).

The number 10 is composed of two groups of 5. The number 10 provides the cornerstone for our number system. A ten-frame is certainly one of the most effective models for facilitating patterns, developing group recognition of numbers, and building an understanding of place value. This frame is a powerful organizer and helps provide the base for many thinking strategies and mental computation.”

http://www.wiley.com/college/sc/reys/ch07.pdf

The number pairs that total ten are foundational for students’ ability to work fluently within numbers and operations. Once students have experience breaking apart ten in various combinations, this asks students to find the missing part of ten.

Example 1:

A full case of juice boxes has 10 boxes. There are only 6 boxes in this case. How many juice boxes are missing?

Student 1

Using a 10 frame "I used 6 counters for the 6 boxes of juice still in the case. There are 4 blank spaces so 4 boxes have been removed. This makes sense since 6 and 4 more equal 10".

Student 2

Think addition.

"I counted out 10 cubes because I knew there needed to be 10. I pushed these 6 over here because they were in the container. These are left over. So there's 4 missing."

Student 3

Basic Fact.

"I know that it's 4 because 6 and 4 is the same amount as 10."

Example 2

Students place 3 objects on a 10 frame and then determine how many more are needed "to make a 10".

Students may use electronic versions of 10 frames to develop this skill.

Example 3

Students snaps 10 cubes together to make a "train".

* Student breaks the "train" into 2 parts. S/he counts how many are in each part and record the associated equation (10=___ + ___).

* Student breaks the "train" into 2 parts. S/he counts how many are in one part and determine how many are in the other part without directly counting that part. Then s/he records the associated equation (if the counted part has 4 cubes, the equation would be 10=4 + ___).

* Student covers part of the train without counting the covered part. S/he counts the cubes that are showing and determines how many are covered up. Then s/he records the associated covered equation (if the counted part has 7 cubes, the equation would be 10=7 + ___).

Example 4

The student tosses the two-color counters on the table and records how many of each color are facing up.

Kansas Association of Teachers of Mathematics (KATM) Flipbooks.

Questions or to send feedback: melisa@ksu.edu. Retrieved from Kindergarten Flip Book.

Coherence and Connections: Need to Know

Grade Level

Grade Above

K.OA.3

K.OA.4

1.OA.6

K.OA.4 is closely tied to K.OA.3 – Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, and K.OA.1 – Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions or equations.

Students expand their work in addition and subtraction from within 5 to within 10. They use the Level 1 methods developed for smaller totals as they represent and solve problems with objects, their fingers, and math drawings. Patterns such as the 5+n pattern used widely around the world play an important role learning particular additions and subtractions, and later as patterns in steps in the Level 2 and 3 methods. Fingers can be used to show the same 5 patterns, but students should be asked to explain these relationships explicitly because they may not be obvious to all students (MP.3). As the school year progresses, students internalize their external representations and solution actions, and mental images become important in problem representation and solution.

Common Core Standards Writing Team. (2013, September 19). Progressions for the Common
            Core State Standards in Mathematics(draft). K-5 Counting and Cardinality and
            Operations and Algebraic Thinking. Tucson, AZ: Institute for Mathematics and
            Educations, University of Arizona.

”Making ten” will become a key strategy (in grade 1) for adding and subtracting within 20; students gain the foundation for this in kindergarten by finding the number that makes 10 when given another number. Over the course of the year, given frequent opportunities (e.g., a “how many fingers don’t you see” game), many kindergarten children can become fluent with the pairs of numbers that make 10 and can, when a number less that 10 is named, name the “missing amount” even without looking at fingers.”

PARCC Draft Model Content Frameworks: Mathematics Grades K-2

Also check out Student Achievement Partners Coherence Map

Classroom Resources

K.OA.4 Daily Discourse

HOT Questions

A full package of markers has 10 markers. There are 7 markers in the package. How many are missing?
Nora says eight and two together equal ten. Is Nora correct? Draw a picture to illustrate your reasoning.
The teacher can call out a number less than 10 and have the class hold up (on ten frames, fingers, rekenrek, etc.) what the missing number is to equal 10.